Cobalt drill bits and high-speed steel (HSS) drill bits are both used for drilling, but they have distinct differences in composition, performance, and applications.
Cobalt drill bits are made from an alloy that typically contains 5-8% cobalt. This addition enhances their hardness and heat resistance, making them ideal for drilling into hard materials like stainless steel, cast iron, and titanium. The increased durability allows cobalt bits to maintain their sharpness longer and withstand higher temperatures without losing their temper, which is crucial for heavy-duty and industrial applications. However, cobalt bits are more brittle, which can lead to chipping if not handled properly.
High-speed steel drill bits, on the other hand, are made from a form of tool steel that is designed to withstand high temperatures without losing hardness. They are versatile and suitable for general-purpose drilling in softer materials such as wood, plastic, and mild steel. HSS bits are more flexible and less prone to breaking compared to cobalt bits, making them a good choice for less demanding tasks and for users who prioritize cost-effectiveness.
In terms of cost, cobalt drill bits are generally more expensive than HSS bits due to their enhanced performance and durability. For users who frequently drill into hard metals, the investment in cobalt bits can be justified by their longer lifespan and efficiency. Conversely, for occasional use or for drilling into softer materials, HSS bits offer a more economical option.
In summary, the choice between cobalt and HSS drill bits depends on the specific requirements of the task, including the material being drilled, the frequency of use, and budget considerations.