Carbide-tipped drill bits, high-speed steel (HSS) bits, and cobalt bits each have distinct characteristics that make them suitable for different applications.
Carbide-tipped drill bits are known for their exceptional hardness and heat resistance. They are ideal for drilling into hard materials such as concrete, masonry, and some metals. The carbide tips maintain sharpness longer than HSS or cobalt, providing a longer lifespan and reducing the need for frequent replacements. However, they are more brittle and can chip or break if not used properly, especially in handheld drills.
High-speed steel (HSS) bits are versatile and widely used for general-purpose drilling. They are made from a combination of steel alloys that provide good toughness and resistance to wear. HSS bits are suitable for drilling wood, plastic, and softer metals like aluminum. They are more affordable than carbide-tipped bits and offer a good balance between performance and cost. However, they can dull quickly when used on harder materials.
Cobalt bits are an enhanced version of HSS bits, containing 5-8% cobalt, which increases their hardness and heat resistance. They are particularly effective for drilling into hard metals like stainless steel and cast iron. Cobalt bits maintain their cutting edge at higher temperatures, making them suitable for high-speed applications. They are more durable than standard HSS bits but can be more expensive.
In summary, carbide-tipped bits are best for hard materials and long-lasting performance, HSS bits are cost-effective for general use, and cobalt bits offer a middle ground with enhanced durability for tough metals. The choice depends on the material being drilled and the specific requirements of the task.