Thread-forming taps and cutting taps are both used to create internal threads in holes, but they operate differently and are suited for different applications.
Thread-forming taps, also known as roll taps, create threads by displacing material rather than cutting it. They work by pushing the material outward to form the thread shape, which results in a stronger thread due to work hardening and a smoother surface finish. These taps do not produce chips, making them ideal for applications where chip removal is difficult. They are best suited for ductile materials like aluminum, copper, and some steels. Thread-forming taps require a larger initial hole size compared to cutting taps and need lubrication to reduce friction and heat.
Cutting taps, on the other hand, remove material to create threads. They have flutes that act as channels to carry away chips produced during the cutting process. Cutting taps are versatile and can be used on a wide range of materials, including harder metals. They come in various designs, such as taper, plug, and bottoming taps, each suited for different threading depths and applications. Cutting taps require careful chip management to prevent clogging and potential tap breakage.
In summary, thread-forming taps are chipless, create stronger threads, and are suitable for ductile materials, while cutting taps remove material, produce chips, and are more versatile across different materials.