A collet and a chuck are both devices used to hold a mandrel or workpiece in place, but they differ in design, application, and functionality.
A collet is a sleeve that forms a collar around the object to be held and exerts a strong clamping force when tightened. It is typically used in applications requiring high precision and accuracy, such as in CNC machines and lathes. Collets are designed to hold specific sizes of tools or workpieces, providing a more uniform grip and reducing the risk of slippage. They are generally more compact and lightweight compared to chucks, making them ideal for high-speed operations. However, collets have a limited range of sizes they can accommodate, often requiring different collets for different diameters.
A chuck, on the other hand, is a device with jaws that can be adjusted to hold various sizes and shapes of workpieces. Chucks are more versatile than collets, as they can accommodate a wider range of sizes without needing to change the holding device. They are commonly used in applications where the workpiece size varies or where quick changes are necessary, such as in drilling and milling machines. Chucks can be manual, requiring a key to tighten, or self-centering, which automatically adjusts the jaws to center the workpiece. While chucks offer greater versatility, they may not provide the same level of precision and grip uniformity as collets.
In summary, collets are preferred for precision and high-speed applications with specific size requirements, while chucks offer versatility and ease of use for varying workpiece sizes.