A basic router bit set typically includes the following essential bits: 1. **Straight Bit**: Used for cutting straight, square-bottomed grooves, dados, and rabbets. It's versatile for edge trimming and slot cutting. 2. **Flush Trim Bit**: Equipped with a bearing that guides the bit along the edge of a template or workpiece, it's ideal for trimming edges flush with another surface. 3. **Rabbeting Bit**: Designed to cut a rabbet or shoulder on the edge of a workpiece. It often comes with interchangeable bearings to adjust the width of the cut. 4. **Round-Over Bit**: Used to create rounded edges on a workpiece, providing a smooth, finished look. It’s available in various radii for different levels of rounding. 5. **Cove Bit**: Creates a concave, rounded groove along the edge of a workpiece, often used for decorative edging. 6. **Chamfer Bit**: Cuts a beveled edge on the workpiece, useful for decorative edges or to ease sharp corners. 7. **V-Groove Bit**: Used for engraving and decorative cutting, it creates a V-shaped groove in the material. 8. **Roman Ogee Bit**: Produces an S-shaped profile, commonly used for decorative edges on furniture and cabinetry. 9. **Core Box Bit**: Used for cutting round-bottomed grooves, often for fluting or decorative work. 10. **Dovetail Bit**: Essential for creating dovetail joints, it cuts a flared groove that interlocks with a corresponding piece. These bits cover a wide range of basic routing tasks, from joinery to decorative edging, making them essential for both beginners and experienced woodworkers.

1. **Material Compatibility**: Choose a bit designed for the material you are working with, such as wood, plastic, or metal. 2. **Bit Type**: Select the appropriate bit type for your task: - **Straight Bits**: For cutting straight edges, grooves, and dados. - **Flush Trim Bits**: For trimming edges flush with a template or guide. - **Rabbeting Bits**: For cutting rabbets or shoulders. - **Round-Over Bits**: For creating rounded edges. - **Chamfer Bits**: For cutting beveled edges. - **Cove Bits**: For concave edges. - **V-Groove Bits**: For decorative V-shaped grooves. 3. **Shank Size**: Choose between 1/4-inch and 1/2-inch shank sizes. 1/2-inch shanks offer better stability and less vibration. 4. **Cutting Diameter**: Match the bit’s cutting diameter to the size of the cut you need. Larger diameters remove more material but require more power. 5. **Profile and Design**: Consider the profile you want to achieve. Complex profiles may require specialized bits. 6. **Quality and Material**: Opt for carbide-tipped bits for durability and longer life, especially for hardwoods and frequent use. 7. **Router Compatibility**: Ensure the bit is compatible with your router’s speed and power. Some bits require variable speed routers. 8. **Project Requirements**: Consider the specific needs of your project, such as edge finishing, joinery, or decorative work. 9. **Budget**: Balance cost with quality. Investing in high-quality bits can save money in the long run. 10. **Brand and Reviews**: Choose reputable brands and check reviews for performance and reliability. 11. **Safety**: Ensure the bit is suitable for safe operation at the intended speed and depth of cut.

Router bits can be used on a variety of materials, including: 1. **Wood**: The most common material for router bits, suitable for hardwoods, softwoods, plywood, and MDF. They are used for shaping, cutting, and detailing. 2. **Plastic**: Router bits can be used on acrylics, polycarbonates, and other plastics, often requiring slower speeds to prevent melting. 3. **Metal**: Specialized router bits can work on non-ferrous metals like aluminum and brass. These bits are typically carbide-tipped for durability. 4. **Laminate**: Used for trimming and shaping laminate surfaces, such as those found on countertops. 5. **Composite Materials**: Router bits can handle composite woods like particleboard and fiberboard, often used in furniture and cabinetry. 6. **Foam**: High-density foam can be shaped and cut with router bits, useful in model making and prototyping. 7. **Solid Surface Materials**: Used for materials like Corian, often in countertop fabrication. 8. **Glass and Ceramics**: Specialized diamond-tipped bits are required for these materials, used in artistic and architectural applications. 9. **Rubber and Soft Materials**: Certain bits can be used for cutting and shaping softer materials, though care must be taken to avoid tearing. Router bits must be chosen based on the material's hardness, thickness, and the desired finish. Proper speed, feed rate, and bit type are crucial to avoid damage to both the material and the bit.

To maintain and sharpen router bits, follow these steps: 1. **Cleaning**: Remove resin and pitch build-up using a commercial bit cleaner or a mixture of warm water and mild detergent. Use a soft brush to scrub the bits gently. Rinse and dry thoroughly to prevent rust. 2. **Inspection**: Check for any damage, such as chips or cracks. Discard any bits that are damaged beyond repair to ensure safety and precision. 3. **Sharpening**: Use a diamond hone or sharpening stone. Secure the bit in a vise or a bit holder to keep it steady. For carbide-tipped bits, focus on the flat surfaces of the cutting edges. Gently stroke the hone across the edge, maintaining the original angle. Avoid sharpening the sides or the profile to prevent altering the bit's shape. 4. **Lubrication**: Apply a light coat of machine oil to prevent rust and ensure smooth operation. Wipe off any excess oil before use. 5. **Storage**: Store bits in a dry, organized manner. Use a dedicated bit holder or case to prevent them from knocking against each other, which can cause damage. 6. **Usage Tips**: Use the correct speed and feed rate for the material being cut. Avoid overheating by taking shallow passes and allowing the bit to cool between uses. 7. **Regular Maintenance**: Clean and inspect bits after each use. Regular maintenance extends the life of the bits and ensures optimal performance. By following these steps, you can maintain sharp, efficient router bits, ensuring precision and safety in your woodworking projects.

1. **Wear Safety Gear**: Always wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from flying debris. Use hearing protection to guard against noise, and wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling wood dust. 2. **Check the Router and Bits**: Ensure the router is unplugged before changing bits. Inspect the router bits for damage or dullness, and replace them if necessary. Make sure the bit is securely fastened in the collet. 3. **Use the Right Bit for the Job**: Select the appropriate bit for the material and the type of cut you need. Using the wrong bit can lead to poor results and increase the risk of accidents. 4. **Secure the Workpiece**: Clamp the workpiece securely to prevent it from moving during routing. This helps maintain control and precision. 5. **Set the Correct Speed**: Adjust the router speed according to the size and type of the bit. Larger bits require slower speeds to prevent burning and kickback. 6. **Feed Direction and Rate**: Always feed the router against the rotation of the bit. Maintain a steady, controlled feed rate to avoid overloading the router and to achieve a clean cut. 7. **Avoid Distractions**: Stay focused on the task at hand. Avoid using the router when tired or distracted. 8. **Keep Hands Clear**: Keep your hands and fingers away from the bit. Use push sticks or other aids to guide the workpiece when necessary. 9. **Use a Router Table for Small Pieces**: For small or intricate workpieces, use a router table to provide better control and safety. 10. **Maintain a Clean Work Area**: Keep the work area free of clutter and debris to prevent accidents and ensure smooth operation. 11. **Follow Manufacturer Instructions**: Always adhere to the manufacturer's guidelines for both the router and the bits to ensure safe and effective use.