Yes, ice scrapers can potentially damage concrete surfaces. When used improperly or with excessive force, ice scrapers, especially those made of metal, can scratch or gouge the surface of concrete. This is particularly true for concrete that is not fully cured, has a weaker mix, or is already compromised by cracks or surface spalling. 
Concrete is a durable material, but it is not impervious to damage from sharp or hard objects. The edges of metal ice scrapers can chip away at the surface, leading to small pits or scratches. Over time, repeated scraping can exacerbate these issues, leading to more significant surface degradation. 
Plastic ice scrapers are generally less likely to cause damage compared to metal ones, but they can still harm the surface if used aggressively. Additionally, if the concrete surface has been treated with a sealant or coating, scraping can remove or damage this protective layer, making the concrete more susceptible to water penetration and freeze-thaw cycles, which can further deteriorate the surface.
To minimize the risk of damage, it is advisable to use ice scrapers with caution. Opt for plastic scrapers or those with rubber edges, and avoid using excessive force. For large areas, consider using de-icing products that are safe for concrete, or use a snow blower or shovel with a plastic edge to remove snow and ice. Regular maintenance and sealing of concrete surfaces can also help protect against potential damage from ice scrapers and other winter-related wear and tear.