Proofing paper ensures color accuracy by providing a consistent and controlled substrate that closely mimics the final print medium. It is specifically designed to have a similar texture, weight, and finish to the final output paper, allowing for accurate color representation. The paper's coating is engineered to interact predictably with inks, ensuring that colors appear as intended. 
Proofing paper also has a high degree of whiteness and brightness, which helps in achieving a neutral base for color evaluation. This neutrality prevents any color cast that could alter the perception of the printed colors. Additionally, proofing paper is manufactured to have a consistent surface texture and absorbency, which minimizes variations in ink absorption and dot gain, both of which can affect color accuracy.
The paper is often used in conjunction with color management systems and ICC profiles, which are calibrated to the specific characteristics of the proofing paper. This calibration ensures that the colors on the proof match the colors on the final print as closely as possible. By using proofing paper, designers and printers can make informed adjustments to color settings before the final print run, reducing the risk of costly errors and reprints.
In summary, proofing paper's role in ensuring color accuracy lies in its ability to provide a stable, predictable, and neutral base that closely resembles the final print medium, combined with its compatibility with color management systems.