The best materials for ashtrays to prevent cigarette residue buildup are glass, stainless steel, and ceramic. 
Glass ashtrays are popular due to their non-porous surface, which makes them easy to clean and resistant to staining. The smooth surface prevents cigarette residue from adhering strongly, allowing for simple wiping or washing. Additionally, glass is heat-resistant, ensuring it won't warp or degrade with repeated use.
Stainless steel ashtrays are another excellent choice. They are durable, rust-resistant, and have a sleek, modern appearance. The non-porous nature of stainless steel prevents residue from embedding into the material, making it easy to clean with just soap and water. Its resistance to heat and corrosion further enhances its longevity and effectiveness in maintaining cleanliness.
Ceramic ashtrays are favored for their aesthetic appeal and functionality. The glazed surface of ceramic ashtrays is smooth and non-porous, similar to glass, which helps in preventing residue buildup. They are also heat-resistant and can be easily cleaned with household cleaning agents. The weight of ceramic ashtrays adds stability, reducing the likelihood of tipping over.
In addition to material choice, the design of the ashtray can also influence residue buildup. Ashtrays with removable parts or those designed with grooves and ridges can trap residue, making cleaning more challenging. Opting for a simple, smooth design can further aid in maintaining cleanliness.
Overall, selecting ashtrays made from glass, stainless steel, or ceramic, with a simple design, will effectively minimize cigarette residue buildup and facilitate easy cleaning.