Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC) and Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (FNC) differ primarily in material composition, application, and characteristics: 1. **Material Composition**: - **FMC**: Made from helically wound, interlocked metal strips, typically steel or aluminum. It provides a metallic pathway for electrical wiring. - **FNC**: Constructed from nonmetallic materials like PVC or other plastic compounds, offering a non-conductive pathway. 2. **Protection and Durability**: - **FMC**: Offers excellent mechanical protection against physical damage and is resistant to crushing. It also provides some degree of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. - **FNC**: Less resistant to physical damage compared to FMC but offers good protection against moisture and corrosion. It is not suitable for environments requiring EMI shielding. 3. **Flexibility and Installation**: - **FMC**: Highly flexible, allowing for easy installation in tight or complex spaces. It can be bent and shaped without special tools. - **FNC**: Also flexible but generally less so than FMC. It is lightweight and easier to cut, making it suitable for simpler installations. 4. **Applications**: - **FMC**: Commonly used in commercial and industrial settings where mechanical protection and flexibility are needed, such as in machine tools and equipment connections. - **FNC**: Typically used in residential and light commercial applications, especially in areas prone to moisture, like underground or outdoor installations. 5. **Cost**: - **FMC**: Generally more expensive due to its metal construction and added protective features. - **FNC**: More cost-effective, especially for applications where metal protection is not necessary. 6. **Code Compliance**: - Both types must comply with relevant electrical codes, but their use is dictated by specific environmental and safety requirements.

1. **Plan the Layout**: Determine the path for the conduit, ensuring it is the shortest and most efficient route. Avoid sharp bends and obstacles. 2. **Measure and Cut**: Measure the required length of the conduit. Use a hacksaw or conduit cutter to cut the FMC to size. Deburr the cut ends to remove sharp edges. 3. **Install Connectors**: Attach appropriate connectors to the ends of the conduit. Use a wrench to tighten the locknut securely onto the connector. 4. **Attach to Boxes**: Insert the connector into the knockout hole of the electrical box. Secure it with a locknut from inside the box, ensuring a tight fit. 5. **Bend the Conduit**: If necessary, gently bend the conduit by hand to navigate around corners or obstacles. Avoid kinking by making gradual bends. 6. **Secure the Conduit**: Use straps or hangers to secure the conduit to the structure. Space them according to local electrical codes, typically every 4.5 feet and within 12 inches of each box. 7. **Pull Wires**: Feed the electrical wires through the conduit. Use fish tape if needed to guide the wires through longer sections. 8. **Connect Wires**: Once the wires are through, connect them to the appropriate terminals in the electrical boxes, following wiring diagrams and safety standards. 9. **Inspect and Test**: Check all connections and ensure the conduit is securely fastened. Test the electrical system to ensure proper operation. 10. **Compliance Check**: Ensure the installation complies with the National Electrical Code (NEC) and local regulations.

Flexible nonmetallic conduit (FNC) is used in various applications due to its versatility, durability, and ease of installation. Key applications include: 1. **Residential Wiring**: FNC is commonly used in homes for routing electrical wires in walls, ceilings, and floors. Its flexibility allows it to navigate around obstacles and tight spaces, making it ideal for retrofitting and renovations. 2. **Commercial Buildings**: In commercial settings, FNC is used for power distribution, lighting circuits, and communication cables. It is suitable for environments where rigid conduits are impractical due to space constraints or complex layouts. 3. **Industrial Environments**: FNC is employed in industrial facilities for protecting wiring in machinery, equipment, and control systems. Its resistance to chemicals and moisture makes it suitable for harsh environments. 4. **Outdoor Installations**: FNC is used in outdoor applications such as landscape lighting, signage, and security systems. Its UV resistance and weatherproof properties protect cables from environmental damage. 5. **Data and Communication Networks**: FNC is used to house and protect fiber optic and data cables in both residential and commercial settings. Its flexibility and ease of installation are advantageous for network expansions and upgrades. 6. **Automotive and Transportation**: In vehicles and transportation systems, FNC is used to protect wiring harnesses and electronic systems. Its ability to withstand vibration and temperature variations is crucial in these applications. 7. **Marine and Offshore**: FNC is used in marine environments for wiring in boats, ships, and offshore platforms. Its corrosion resistance and waterproof characteristics are essential for these applications. 8. **Temporary Installations**: FNC is ideal for temporary setups such as exhibitions, events, and construction sites, where quick installation and removal are required. Overall, FNC's flexibility, durability, and protective qualities make it a preferred choice across various industries and applications.

Flexible metal conduit (FMC) is generally not recommended for outdoor use. While FMC provides flexibility and ease of installation, it lacks the necessary protection against environmental factors such as moisture, UV radiation, and temperature fluctuations that are common outdoors. These elements can lead to corrosion and degradation of the conduit over time, compromising its integrity and the safety of the electrical system. For outdoor applications, liquid-tight flexible metal conduit (LFMC) is a more suitable option. LFMC is designed with a protective plastic coating that provides resistance to moisture and other environmental conditions, making it more appropriate for outdoor use. It offers the flexibility of FMC while ensuring better protection against the elements. If FMC must be used outdoors, it should be installed in a way that minimizes exposure to moisture and other environmental hazards. This might include using weatherproof enclosures or installing the conduit in sheltered areas. However, even with these precautions, the use of FMC outdoors is generally not advisable unless specifically permitted by local electrical codes and standards. Always consult the National Electrical Code (NEC) or local regulations to ensure compliance with safety standards when selecting conduit for outdoor applications.

Flexible conduit systems offer several advantages: 1. **Ease of Installation**: Flexible conduits are easier to install compared to rigid conduits, especially in complex or tight spaces. They can be bent and maneuvered around obstacles without the need for special tools or fittings. 2. **Versatility**: These systems can accommodate a wide range of applications, including residential, commercial, and industrial settings. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. 3. **Protection**: Flexible conduits provide excellent protection for electrical wiring against physical damage, moisture, chemicals, and other environmental factors. This is particularly beneficial in harsh or hazardous environments. 4. **Vibration Resistance**: They are ideal for applications where vibration is a concern, such as in machinery or equipment, as they can absorb and withstand movement without compromising the integrity of the wiring. 5. **Expansion and Contraction**: Flexible conduits can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, reducing the risk of damage to the wiring system due to temperature changes. 6. **Cost-Effectiveness**: The ease of installation and reduced need for additional fittings or labor can lead to cost savings in both materials and installation time. 7. **Aesthetic Appeal**: They can be easily concealed or integrated into the design of a building, providing a cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing appearance. 8. **Reusability**: Flexible conduits can be reused in different installations, making them an environmentally friendly option. 9. **Compatibility**: They are compatible with a variety of connectors and fittings, allowing for seamless integration with existing systems. 10. **Safety**: By protecting wires from external damage, flexible conduits help maintain the safety and reliability of electrical systems, reducing the risk of electrical fires or failures.