Yes, you can use a vacuum without a belt, but it depends on the type of vacuum and its design. Vacuums with a belt-driven brush roll, such as many upright models, rely on the belt to rotate the brush roll, which agitates carpet fibers and helps lift dirt and debris. Without the belt, the brush roll will not spin, reducing the vacuum's effectiveness on carpets. However, the suction will still work, allowing you to clean hard floors and use attachments for above-floor cleaning.
In contrast, some vacuums, like canister models or those with direct-drive systems, do not use belts. These vacuums rely on other mechanisms to power the brush roll or do not have a rotating brush at all. In such cases, the absence of a belt does not affect their performance.
If your vacuum requires a belt and it breaks, you should replace it to maintain optimal performance, especially for carpet cleaning. Operating a belt-driven vacuum without a belt for extended periods can lead to uneven wear on the brush roll and potentially damage the motor due to increased strain.
In summary, while you can use a vacuum without a belt, its cleaning efficiency, particularly on carpets, will be compromised if the vacuum is designed to use a belt-driven brush roll. For best results, replace the belt as soon as possible if it breaks.